Chronic Airway Obstructive Diseases Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease (COAD), also known as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), is a progressive lung disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, significantly impacting the quality of life of affected individuals. This article aims to provide a … Read more
Pathophysiology of Asthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by episodes of airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and underlying inflammation. Understanding the pathophysiology of asthma is crucial for pharmacy students as it forms the basis for effective management and treatment strategies. Airway Inflammation The hallmark of asthma is chronic inflammation of the … Read more
Pathophysiology: Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a significant public health concern worldwide, affecting millions of individuals each year. Among these, AIDS, syphilis, and gonorrhea are particularly notable due to their prevalence, impact on health, and the complexity of their pathophysiology. Understanding the mechanisms by which these diseases develop and progress is crucial … Read more
Pathophysiology of Infectious Diseases Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. These diseases can spread directly or indirectly from one person to another. Understanding the pathophysiology of these diseases is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive measures. This article will delve into the pathophysiology of four significant … Read more
Principles of Cancer Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death. Cancer can affect almost any part of the body and has many different forms, each with its own unique characteristics and behaviors. Understanding the principles … Read more
Pathophysiology of Diseases of Bones and Joints Bones and joints are integral components of the musculoskeletal system, providing structure, support, and mobility to the human body. Various diseases can affect these structures, leading to pain, deformity, and functional impairment. This article explores the pathophysiology of three common diseases affecting bones and joints: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, … Read more
Pathophysiology of Haematological Diseases Haematological diseases encompass a wide range of disorders affecting the blood and its components, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. These diseases can significantly impact a patient’s health and quality of life. For pharmacy students, understanding these conditions is crucial for effective patient care and management. This … Read more
Pathophysiology of Gastrointestinal System Diseases The gastrointestinal system plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health by facilitating digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste. However, various diseases can disrupt its normal function, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. This article delves into the pathophysiology of several key gastrointestinal diseases, including peptic ulcer, inflammatory … Read more
Pathophysiology of Endocrine System Diseases The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and release hormones, which help control many important body functions. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to tissues and organs, affecting various processes such as growth, metabolism, and mood. Understanding the pathophysiology of endocrine diseases is crucial … Read more
Pathophysiology of Nervous System Diseases The nervous system is a highly intricate network responsible for coordinating and controlling various bodily functions. It comprises the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which consists of nerves extending throughout the body. Understanding the pathophysiology of diseases affecting … Read more