Liquid dosage forms Liquid dosage forms are pharmaceutical preparations in a liquid state that are administered orally, topically, or by injection. They contain a mixture of active drug components and non-drug components (excipients) dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent or mixtures of solvents. They are designed to provide the maximum therapeutic response in a … Read more
Introduction In pharmaceutics, a powder is defined as a dry, solid substance composed of finely divided drugs, with or without excipients, intended for internal or external use. It is a solid substance in a finely divided state. Powders represent one of the oldest and most conventional dosage forms. They were originally found to be a … Read more
Introduction Pharmaceutical calculations serve as the backbone of pharmacy practice. Which ensures precise medication dosing, compounding and preparation. From converting units of weight and volume to calculating complex solutions and formulations, pharmaceutical calculations are essential for pharmacist. There are two-unit systems of weights and measures in pharmacy, one is imperial and another is metric. In … Read more
Introduction In India the pharmacy education was started in 1842 in Goa by Portuguese as a certificate course and this is the first step towards pharmacy profession in India. Formal training of the compounds was started in 1881 in Bengal. The university level program of pharmacy is started in 1937 at Banaras Hindu University. After … Read more
Introduction Pharmacopoeia is a book containing directions for the identification and evaluation of medicines, published by the authority of a government or a medical or pharmaceutical society. In a broader sense it is a reference book for pharmaceutical drug specifications. The word pharmacopoeia is derived from Greek language, pharmakon means drug and poieo means I … Read more
Types of dosage forms with examples Most of the drugs cannot be administered directly in pure chemical form, they need to be change in appropriate dosage forms to administer to the patients. After converting them into a specific dose formulation, they are given to the patients in various dosage form through various routes of administration. … Read more
Introduction The basic and initial requirement in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is the powder. Flow properties of powders affects many common manufacturing problems. Flow properties of powders are basically mechanical property. Powders may be free flowing or sticky. In this article we will see powder characteristics, factors affecting flow properties of powder, methods to determine flow … Read more
Introduction The maximum amount of solute dissolved in unit amount of solvent in certain conditions of temperature and pH called as solubility. To enter into systemic circulation, the drug is needed to go into the solution form. Solubility profile plays an important role in preformulation study to design a suitable method for obtaining a solution … Read more
Introduction to Preformulation Preformulation is first phase in the formulation of new dosage form a new drug substance. When new drug is discovered, it needs to be restructured into the appropriate dosage form to produce desired action at a particular site. Preformulation is a study of physical and chemical properties of the drug substance alone … Read more
Solubility of drugs The word soluble obtains from Latin word solvere meaning to dissolve. Solubility of drugs is defined as the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at specific temperature. Solubility is a physicochemical property of a substance to fully dissolve in another substance. Solubility is generally express in gm/lit. Solubility … Read more