Suppositories A suppository is a solid medical preparation in a roughly conical or cylindrical shape, designed to be inserted into the rectum or vagina to dissolve. It’s a dosage form used to deliver medications by insertion into a body orifice, where it dissolves or melts to exert local or systemic effects. It’s a solid but … Read more
Emulsion Emulsion is a biphasic liquid disperse system where the dispersed phase is composed of small globules of a liquid distributed throughout in an immiscible vehicle. In emulsion terminology, the dispersed phase is referred to as the discontinuous or internal phase, and the dispersion medium is the continuous or external phase. The diameter of the … Read more
Biphasic liquid dosage forms Biphasic liquid dosage forms such as suspensions and emulsions, are pharmaceutical preparations that consist of two distinct, immiscible phases. These two phases can be different according to their composition, density, and solubility. biphasic liquids are of two types, such as suspensions and emulsions, consisting two immiscible phases. In this article we … Read more
Monophasic liquids Monophasic liquids in pharmacy are pharmaceutical formulations that consist of a single, homogenous phase. They are typically comprised of a solvent, one or more dissolved active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and various excipients. These liquids represent a true solution, which is a clear, homogeneous mixture prepared by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gas in … Read more
Liquid dosage forms Liquid dosage forms are pharmaceutical preparations in a liquid state that are administered orally, topically, or by injection. They contain a mixture of active drug components and non-drug components (excipients) dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent or mixtures of solvents. They are designed to provide the maximum therapeutic response in a … Read more
Introduction In pharmaceutics, a powder is defined as a dry, solid substance composed of finely divided drugs, with or without excipients, intended for internal or external use. It is a solid substance in a finely divided state. Powders represent one of the oldest and most conventional dosage forms. They were originally found to be a … Read more
Introduction Pharmaceutical calculations serve as the backbone of pharmacy practice. Which ensures precise medication dosing, compounding and preparation. From converting units of weight and volume to calculating complex solutions and formulations, pharmaceutical calculations are essential for pharmacist. There are two-unit systems of weights and measures in pharmacy, one is imperial and another is metric. In … Read more
Introduction In India the pharmacy education was started in 1842 in Goa by Portuguese as a certificate course and this is the first step towards pharmacy profession in India. Formal training of the compounds was started in 1881 in Bengal. The university level program of pharmacy is started in 1937 at Banaras Hindu University. After … Read more
Introduction Pharmacopoeia is a book containing directions for the identification and evaluation of medicines, published by the authority of a government or a medical or pharmaceutical society. In a broader sense it is a reference book for pharmaceutical drug specifications. The word pharmacopoeia is derived from Greek language, pharmakon means drug and poieo means I … Read more
Introduction Most of the drugs cannot be administered directly in pure chemical form, they need to be change in appropriate dosage forms to administer to the patients. After converting them into a specific dose formulation, they are given to the patients in various dosage form through various routes of administration. Medicines reach the site of … Read more