Drug Receptors Interactions Signal Transduction Mechanisms, G-protein-coupled Receptors, Ion Channel Receptor The interactions between drugs and their receptors form the cornerstone of pharmacology, influencing how therapeutic agents exert their effects on the body. Understanding these interactions is pivotal for the development and optimization of drugs. This article delves into the complex world of drug-receptor interactions, … Read more
Drug Interactions (Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics) Drug interactions are an important consideration in clinical practice, as they can significantly impact the safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy. These interactions occur when the effects of one drug are altered by the presence of another drug, food, or environmental factor, leading to changes in drug action. Understanding drug interactions … Read more
Adverse Drug Reactions Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are unwanted or harmful effects experienced after the administration of a drug at normal doses. These reactions pose significant challenges in clinical practice, impacting patient safety, treatment outcomes, and healthcare costs. Understanding ADRs is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure the safe and effective use of medications. ADRs … Read more
Local Anaesthetic Agents Local anaesthetic agents play a crucial role in modern medicine by providing targeted pain relief during various medical and dental procedures. Understanding their mechanisms, classifications, and clinical applications is essential for pharmacy graduates and healthcare professionals. In this article, we will explore the fascinating world of local anaesthetics, their historical development, and … Read more
Drug Discovery and Clinical Evaluation of New Drugs The journey from a scientific concept to a marketable drug is a complex and rigorous process that spans several critical phases. Drug discovery and clinical evaluation are essential components of this journey, ensuring that new drugs are both effective and safe for human use. With the increasing … Read more
Receptor Theories and Classification of Receptors, Regulation of Receptors Receptors are fundamental components in the field of pharmacology, playing a crucial role in mediating the effects of drugs and endogenous substances on the body. Understanding how receptors function, their classification, and the principles that govern their behaviour is essential for developing new therapeutic agents and … Read more
Enzyme Induction, Enzyme Inhibition, Kinetics of Elimination Pharmacology, the science of drugs and their effects on living systems, is a cornerstone of medical and pharmaceutical education. Among the many facets of pharmacology, understanding how drugs are metabolized in the body is crucial for predicting their efficacy and safety. This article delves into three key concepts … Read more
Pharmacodynamics- Principles and Mechanism of Drug Action Pharmacodynamics, a core area of pharmacology, delves into the intricate interactions between drugs and the biological systems they affect. Unlike pharmacokinetics, which focuses on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs, pharmacodynamics explores the effects of drugs on the body and how these effects are achieved. This … Read more
Distribution of drugs Distribution in pharmacokinetics refers to the reversible movement of a medication from one part of the body to another. A medication needs to be dispersed into intracellular and interstitial fluids after it is directly administered or absorbed and goes into systemic circulation. Once a medication enters the bloodstream, it is dispersed to … Read more
Absorption of drugs Absorption is defined as the movement of drugs or medications from its site of administration into the bloodstream. The rate of absorption is just as significant as the portion of the administered dose that is absorbed. The medication must pass through biological membranes, unless it is administered intravenously. Absorption is governed by … Read more