MCQ for RRB Pharmacist (Railway Pharmacist) Exam, in this article we will solve, Practice MCQ on Endocrine System, Read following article for your reference.
Endocrine system
Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?
(a) Epinephrine
(b) Insulin
(c) Glucagon
(d) Testosterone
The gland located behind the thyroid gland that regulates calcium levels in the blood is the:
(a) Pituitary gland
(b) Parathyroid gland
(c) Thymus gland
(d) Adrenal gland
Which of the following hormones is produced by the hypothalamus?
(a) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
(b) Oxytocin
(c) Growth hormone
(d) All of the above
A condition characterized by excessive sweating, rapid heart rate, and anxiety is often associated with a tumor of the:
(a) Thyroid gland
(b) Parathyroid gland
(c) Adrenal gland
(d) Pituitary gland
Which hormone is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics?
(a) Estrogen
(b) Progesterone
(c) Testosterone
(d) Insulin
Deficiency of which hormone can lead to stunted growth and development in children?
(a) Insulin
(b) Growth hormone
(c) Testosterone
(d) Epinephrine
Which gland is responsible for producing both hormones and digestive enzymes?
(a) Thyroid gland
(b) Pituitary gland
(c) Pancreas
(d) Adrenal gland
Which hormone is known as the “fight-or-flight” hormone?
(a) Cortisol
(b) Epinephrine
(c) Glucagon
(d) Insulin
An overproduction of thyroid hormones can lead to a condition called:
(a) Hypothyroidism
(b) Hyperthyroidism
(c) Diabetes mellitus
(d) Addison’s disease
Underdevelopment of the thymus gland can lead to:
(a) Increased risk of infections
(b) Cushing’s syndrome
(c) High blood pressure
(d) Diabetes type 1
The pituitary gland is also known as the:
(a) Thyroid gland
(b) Master gland
(c) Adrenal gland
(d) Pancreas
The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain, attached to the:
(a) Hypothalamus
(b) Thalamus
(c) Cerebellum
(d) Pons
The pituitary gland has two main lobes. Which lobe produces hormones directly?
(a) Anterior lobe
(b) Posterior lobe
(c) Both lobes equally
(d) Neither lobe produces hormones
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a role in:
(a) Blood sugar regulation
(b) Sperm production
(c) Stress response
(d) Calcium metabolism
Oxytocin, a hormone involved in childbirth and milk production, is synthesized in the:
(a) Anterior lobe
(b) Posterior lobe
(c) Hypothalamus
(d) Both the anterior and posterior lobes
Growth hormone deficiency in children can lead to:
(a) Early puberty
(b) Stunted growth
(c) Excessive sweating
(d) Increased appetite
An excess of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) can cause:
(a) Hyperthyroidism
(b) Hypothyroidism
(c) Diabetes insipidus
(d) Addison’s disease
Prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, is essential for:
(a) Growth and development
(b) Milk production
(c) Regulating blood pressure
(d) Sex hormone production
Acromegaly, a condition characterized by enlarged hands and feet in adults, is caused by:
(a) Growth hormone deficiency
(b) Excess growth hormone production
(c) Underactive thyroid gland
(d) Pituitary tumor
Pituitary gland dysfunction can be diagnosed through:
(a) Blood tests
(b) X-rays
(c) Muscle strength tests
(d) Skin biopsies
The thyroid gland is located in the:
(a) Chest cavity
(b) Neck
(c) Abdomen
(d) Pelvis
The main hormones produced by the thyroid gland are:
(a) Insulin and glucagon
(b) Estrogen and progesterone
(c) Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)
(d) Cortisol and aldosterone
An underactive thyroid gland can lead to a condition called:
(a) Hyperthyroidism
(b) Hypothyroidism
(c) Diabetes mellitus
(d) Cushing’s syndrome
Symptoms of an overactive thyroid gland may include:
(a) Weight gain, fatigue, and sluggishness
(b) Unexplained weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety
(c) Excessive thirst, frequent urination, and blurred vision
(d) Muscle weakness, tremors, and difficulty swallowing
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the:
(a) Pituitary gland
(b) Thyroid gland
(c) Parathyroid gland
(d) Adrenal gland
Goiter, a swelling of the thyroid gland, can be caused by:
(a) Diabetes
(b) Iodine deficiency
(c) High blood pressure
(d) Autoimmune disorders
The radioactive iodine uptake test is used to assess:
(a) Kidney function
(b) Thyroid gland function
(c) Liver function
(d) Blood sugar levels
Treatment for hypothyroidism often involves:
(a) Insulin injections
(b) Synthetic thyroid hormone replacement therapy
(c) Oral steroids
(d) Antidepressants
Graves’ disease can be treated with:
(a) Anti-thyroid medications
(b) Radioactive iodine therapy
(c) Surgery
(d) All of the above
Regular monitoring of thyroid function is important for individuals with a history of:
(a) Heart disease
(b) Thyroid problems
(c) High blood pressure
(d) Autoimmune disorders
The parathyroid glands are tiny structures located:
(a) In the brain
(b) Behind the thyroid gland
(c) In the kidneys
(d) In the pancreas
The main hormone produced by the parathyroid glands is:
(a) Insulin
(b) Glucagon
(c) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
(d) Testosterone
PTH plays a crucial role in regulating:
(a) Blood sugar levels
(b) Blood calcium levels
(c) Blood pressure
(d) Metabolism
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by:
(a) Low blood calcium levels
(b) High blood calcium levels
(c) Excessive thirst and urination
(d) Fatigue and weight gain
Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism may include:
(a) Kidney stones and bone weakness
(b) Rapid heartbeat and anxiety
(c) Difficulty losing weight and irregular periods
(d) Excessive hunger and thirst
Hypoparathyroidism is a condition caused by:
(a) Overactive parathyroid glands
(b) Underactive parathyroid glands
(c) Excessive iodine intake
(d) Diabetes mellitus
Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism may include:
(a) Muscle cramps and tingling sensations
(b) Unexplained weight loss and sweating
(c) Increased appetite and thirst
(d) Fatigue and difficulty sleeping
Diagnosis of parathyroid gland disorders often involves:
(a) X-rays and blood tests
(b) Ultrasounds and CT scans
(c) Biopsies and allergy testing
(d) Skin tests and endoscopy
Treatment for hyperparathyroidism may involve:
(a) Medication or surgery to remove the parathyroid gland(s)
(b) Insulin injections and dietary changes
(c) Antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications
(d) Lifestyle modifications and pain management
Individuals with a family history of parathyroid problems or a history of neck surgery may be at higher risk for:
(a) Diabetes
(b) Parathyroid disorders
(c) Thyroid cancer
(d) Heart disease
The adrenal glands are located on top of the:
(a) Kidneys
(b) Lungs
(c) Pancreas
(d) Thyroid gland
The adrenal glands consist of two distinct regions, each producing different hormones.
(a) True
(b) False
The outer region of the adrenal gland is called the:
(a) Medulla
(b) Cortex
(c) Stroma
(d) Pars distalis
The adrenal medulla produces hormones known as:
(a) Catecholamines
(b) Steroids
(c) Thyroid hormones
(d) Peptide hormones
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is a catecholamine hormone involved in the:
(a) Regulation of blood sugar levels
(b) Fight-or-flight response
(c) Growth and development
(d) Calcium homeostasis
The adrenal cortex produces a variety of steroid hormones, including:
(a) Cortisol and aldosterone
(b) Insulin and glucagon
(c) Estrogen and progesterone
(d) Thyroxine and triiodothyronine
Cortisol, a glucocorticoid, plays a role in:
(a) Maintaining blood pressure and fluid balance
(b) Regulating blood sugar levels
(c) Stimulating the immune system
(d) Sexual development
Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid, is essential for:
(a) Regulating blood sugar levels
(b) Maintaining sodium and potassium balance
(c) Promoting protein synthesis
(d) Stimulating the production of red blood cells
Addison’s disease is a condition caused by:
(a) Overproduction of adrenal hormones
(b) Underproduction of adrenal hormones
(c) Excessive thyroid hormone production
(d) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells
Cushing’s syndrome is characterized by:
(a) Weight gain, easy bruising, and stretch marks
(b) Unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and anxiety
(c) Excessive thirst, frequent urination, and blurred vision
(d) Muscle weakness, tremors, and difficulty swallowing
The pancreas is a gland located:
(a) Behind the stomach
(b) In the chest cavity
(c) In the small intestine
(d) Near the kidneys
The pancreas has two main functions:
(a) Hormone production and waste removal
(b) Nutrient absorption and digestion
(c) Blood sugar regulation and immune response
(d) Vitamin synthesis and electrolyte balance
The exocrine function of the pancreas involves the production of:
(a) Insulin and glucagon
(b) Digestive enzymes like amylase and trypsin
(c) Growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone
(d) Sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone
The endocrine function of the pancreas involves the production of hormones like:
(a) Insulin and glucagon
(b) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
(c) Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
(d) Prolactin and oxytocin
Insulin is a hormone responsible for:
(a) Increasing blood sugar levels
(b) Lowering blood sugar levels
(c) Regulating blood pressure
(d) Stimulating the immune system
Glucagon is a hormone that acts to:
(a) Promote the breakdown of glycogen into glucose
(b) Enhance the cellular uptake of glucose
(c) Increase the storage of glucose in the liver
(d) Stimulate the production of digestive enzymes
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can cause:
(a) Excessive thirst and urination
(b) Severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting
(c) Fatigue, weight gain, and muscle weakness
(d) Difficulty breathing, chest pain, and coughing
Pancreatic cancer is a serious condition with symptoms that may include:
(a) Unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, and jaundice
(b) Frequent urination, increased hunger, and blurry vision
(c) Fatigue, fever, and night sweats
(d) Skin rash, joint pain, and headaches
Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by:
(a) Abnormal insulin production or resistance
(b) Overactive thyroid gland and rapid metabolism
(c) Underactive adrenal glands and low blood pressure
(d) Autoimmune destruction of parathyroid glands
Management of diabetes often includes:
(a) Dietary modifications and exercise
(b) Antibiotic therapy and pain medication
(c) Antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications
(d) Lifestyle changes and, in some cases, insulin
The pineal gland is a small, pinecone-shaped gland located in the:
(a) Chest cavity
(b) Center of the brain
(c) Lower abdomen
(d) Behind the thyroid gland
The main hormone produced by the pineal gland is:
(a) Testosterone
(b) Melatonin
(c) Cortisol
(d) Insulin
Melatonin is primarily involved in regulating:
(a) Blood sugar levels
(b) Sleep-wake cycles
(c) Growth and development
(d) Blood pressure
Secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland is influenced by:
(a) Blood sugar levels
(b) Light exposure
(c) Physical activity levels
(d) Dietary intake
Disruptions in melatonin production can be associated with:
(a) Excessive thirst and urination
(b) Sleep disturbances and jet lag
(c) Increased appetite and weight gain
(d) Muscle weakness and fatigue
The pineal gland is thought to play a role in:
(a) Regulating blood pressure
(b) Seasonal mood changes
(c) Wound healing
(d) Digestion
Research on the pineal gland is ongoing to better understand its role in:
(a) Immune function
(b) Reproductive health
(c) Kidney function
(d) Muscle development
The pineal gland is generally not implicated in:
(a) Bone growth
(b) Blood clotting
(c) Regulation of body temperature
(d) Metabolism
Imaging tests are rarely used to assess the pineal gland unless:
(a) A tumor is suspected
(b) Blood sugar levels are abnormal
(c) There is a history of kidney stones
(d) Fatigue is the main symptom
Maintaining a regular sleep schedule and minimizing light exposure at night can help regulate:
(a) Insulin production
(b) Melatonin production
(c) Thyroid hormone levels
(d) Growth hormone release
The thymus gland is located in the:
(a) Brain
(b) Chest cavity near the heart
(c) Abdomen
(d) Pelvis
The thymus gland is:
(a) Large and well-developed throughout life
(b) Largest at birth and gradually shrinks with age
(c) Small and inactive until puberty
(d) Not essential for human health
The thymus gland plays a crucial role in the development of the:
(a) Nervous system
(b) Immune system
(c) Digestive system
(d) Endocrine system
The thymus gland produces:
(a) Insulin and glucagon
(b) Estrogen and progesterone
(c) Thymosin and other hormones
(d) Cortisol and aldosterone
Thymosin is a hormone essential for the maturation of:
(a) Red blood cells
(b) T-lymphocytes (T cells)
(c) Muscle cells
(d) Bone cells
T-lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a role in:
(a) Blood sugar regulation
(b) Fighting infections and diseases
(c) Aiding in digestion
(d) Blood clotting
A malfunctioning thymus gland can lead to:
(a) Diabetes
(b) Increased risk of infections
(c) High blood pressure
(d) Excessive bleeding
Thymus removal surgery may be performed in some cases of:
(a) Autoimmune diseases
(b) Severe allergies
(c) Heart disease
(d) Kidney failure
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that can affect the:
(a) Thymus gland and neuromuscular junction
(b) Thyroid gland and parathyroid gland
(c) Pancreas and insulin production
(d) Adrenal glands and hormone balance
Research is ongoing to explore the potential of thymus transplants or therapies to:
(a) Boost the immune system in older adults
(b) Treat autoimmune diseases
(c) Improve healing after injuries
(d) Enhance athletic performance
Hormones can be classified based on their chemical structure. Which of the following is NOT a major class of hormones?
(a) Steroids
(b) Peptides
(c) Amines
(d) Proteins
Steroid hormones are generally:
(a) Water-soluble and readily travel in the bloodstream
(b) Fat-soluble and can easily pass through cell membranes
(c) Require carrier proteins for transport in the bloodstream
(d) Directly activate genes in the nucleus
Peptide hormones typically:
(a) Bind to cell surface receptors and trigger second messenger pathways
(b) Pass through the cell membrane and interact with intracellular receptors
(c) Are readily broken down by enzymes in the bloodstream
(d) Function primarily in the same organ that produces them
Second messenger systems involve molecules like:
(a) Insulin and glucagon
(b) Estrogen and progesterone
(c) Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and inositol triphosphate (IP3)
(d) Testosterone and cortisol
In the classic second messenger model, hormone binding to a receptor leads to the activation of:
(a) Protein synthesis directly in the nucleus
(b) Enzymes that produce second messenger molecules
(c) Degradation of the hormone itself
(d) Transport of the hormone into the cell
G protein-coupled receptors are a common type of receptor involved in second messenger pathways. These receptors are:
(a) Located in the cell nucleus
(b) Linked to a G protein on the inner cell membrane
(c) Freely floating in the cytoplasm
(d) Specific to steroid hormones only
In some cases, hormones can directly interact with:
(a) Enzymes to alter their activity
(b) DNA to regulate gene expression
(c) Antibodies in the immune system
(d) Carrier proteins for transport
Target cells for a particular hormone:
(a) Will always have the same type of receptor
(b) May not express the necessary receptor for the hormone’s action
(c) Are always located near the gland that produces the hormone
(d) Respond identically to all hormone concentrations
The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating hormone production by the:
(a) Thyroid gland
(b) Pituitary gland
(c) Adrenal glands
(d) Pancreas
Negative feedback mechanisms are important for maintaining hormonal balance in the body. In such a system, increasing levels of a hormone can:
(a) Stimulate the production of more of the same hormone
(b) Have no effect on its own production
(c) Inhibit the production of the same hormone
(d) Increase the number of target cells for the hormone
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