Practice MCQ For Govt Pharmacist Exam- Biochemistry UNIT IV

Practice MCQ For Govt Pharmacist Exam, in this article we will solve, Practice MCQ on the UNIT IV under the subject Biochemistry of second semester. Read following article for your reference.

Nucleic Acid Metabolism And Genetic Information Transfer » PHARMACAREERS

 

The starting material for purine nucleotide biosynthesis is:

(a) Glucose

(b) Ribose-5-phosphate

(c) Amino acids

(d) Uracil

 

De novo synthesis and salvage pathway are two major pathways for:

(a) Purine nucleotide synthesis

(b) Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) Neither (a) nor (b)

 

The enzyme responsible for the formation of orotic acid in pyrimidine synthesis is:

(a) Dihydrofolate reductase

(b) Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

(c) Aspartate transcarbamoylase

(d) Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

 

Ribose sugar in RNA nucleotides is different from deoxyribose sugar in DNA nucleotides by the presence of an extra:

(a) Phosphate group

(b) Hydroxyl group

(c) Amino group

(d) Methyl group

 

Which of the following is NOT a precursor for purine ring formation?

(a) Glutamine

(b) Aspartate

(c) Glycine

(d) Thymine

 

The end product of purine nucleotide catabolism in humans is:

(a) Adenine

(b) Guanine

(c) Uric acid

(d) Xanthine

 

Hyperuricemia refers to an abnormally high level of:

(a) Uric acid

(b) Uric acid salts

(c) Urea

(d) Ammonia

 

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of crystals formed from:

(a) Uric acid

(b) Uric acid salts

(c) Calcium oxalate

(d) Cholesterol

 

Allopurinol is a medication used to treat gout by inhibiting the enzyme:

(a) Xanthine oxidase

(b) Adenosine deaminase

(c) Uricase

(d) Dihydrofolate reductase

 

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by:

(a) Hyperuricemia and self-mutilating behavior

(b) Pyrimidine deficiency and anemia

(c) De novo purine synthesis defect

(d) Uric acid kidney stones

 

DNA replication is a:

(a) Semi-conservative process

(b) Conservative process

(c) Dispersive process

(d) Random process

 

During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of:

(a) DNA from RNA

(b) RNA from DNA

(c) Protein from RNA

(d) DNA from protein

 

The genetic code is a triplet code, meaning each codon consists of:

(a) Two nucleotides

(b) Three nucleotides

(c) Four nucleotides

(d) Five nucleotides

 

Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are responsible for:

(a) Carrying amino acids to the ribosome

(b) Initiating protein synthesis

(c) Elongating the growing polypeptide chain

(d) All of the above

 

During translation, ribosomes move along the mRNA in a:

(a) 5′ to 3′ direction

(b) 3′ to 5′ direction

 

The genetic material in eukaryotic cells is organized into chromosomes within the:

(a) Nucleus

(b) Cytoplasm

(c) Mitochondria

(d) Endoplasmic reticulum

 

The non-coding regions of DNA are called:

(a) Exons

(b) Introns

(c) Genes

(d) Codons

 

Euchromatin is a loosely packed region of DNA that is:

(a) Transcriptionally active

(b) Transcriptionally inactive

(c) Highly condensed

(d) Found only in prokaryotes

 

Histones are proteins that package DNA into a structure called:

(a) Nucleosome

(b) Chromosome

(c) Centromere

(d) Telomere

 

Telomeres are repetitive sequences of DNA at the ends of chromosomes that:

(a) Help prevent chromosome fusion and degradation

(b) Contain genes essential for cell survival

(c) Determine the sex of the organism

(d) Are responsible for eye color inheritance

 

DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids, but a key difference lies in their sugar component. Which sugar is present in RNA but not DNA?

(a) Deoxyribose

(b) Ribose

(c) Glucose

(d) Fructose

 

The nitrogenous bases found in DNA include adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and:

(a) Uracil (U)

(b) Thymine (T)

(c) Xanthine (X)

(d) Hypoxanthine (H)

 

In DNA, adenine always pairs with:

(a) Uracil (U)

(b) Thymine (T)

(c) Cytosine (C)

(d) Guanine (G)

 

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is responsible for:

(a) Storing genetic information

(b) Transferring genetic information to ribosomes

(c) Carrying amino acids during protein synthesis

(d) Breaking down glucose for energy

 

Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules function by:

(a) Initiating protein synthesis

(b) Elongating the growing polypeptide chain

(c) Matching specific codons with their corresponding amino acids

(d) All of the above

 

DNA replication is a process that ensures:

(a) Random segregation of chromosomes during cell division

(b) Formation of identical copies of DNA before cell division

(c) Repair of damaged DNA segments

(d) Creation of genetic diversity

 

The semi-conservative model of DNA replication states that each new double helix contains:

(a) One parental strand and two newly synthesized strands

(b) Two parental strands and one newly synthesized strand

(c) Completely new strands of DNA

(d) A random mix of parental and new DNA

 

During DNA replication, the enzyme DNA helicase functions by:

(a) Priming DNA synthesis with a short RNA sequence

(b) Unwinding the double helix to create a replication fork

(c) Proofreading newly synthesized DNA for errors

(d) Joining the sugar-phosphate backbones of nucleotides

 

DNA polymerase is responsible for:

(a) Elongating the growing DNA strand by adding nucleotides

(b) Separating the two parental DNA strands

(c) Stabilizing the newly synthesized DNA strand

(d) Recognizing and repairing mismatched nucleotides

 

Okazaki fragments are short, newly synthesized DNA segments formed during replication on the:

(a) Leading strand

(b) Lagging strand

(c) Both strands equally

(d) Neither strand

 

Transcription refers to the process of synthesizing:

(a) DNA from RNA

(b) RNA from DNA

(c) Protein from RNA

(d) DNA from protein

 

In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II is responsible for transcribing:

(a) tRNA molecules

(b) rRNA molecules

(c) mRNA molecules

(d) All of the above

 

The primary transcript produced during transcription may undergo processing, such as capping and tailing, to become a mature:

(a) tRNA molecule

(b) rRNA molecule

(c) mRNA molecule

(d) All of the above

 

The genetic code is a set of rules that governs the translation of:

(a) Amino acid sequence into protein structure

(b) DNA sequence into RNA sequence

(c) RNA sequence into protein sequence

(d) Protein structure into DNA sequence

 

Each codon in mRNA consists of:

(a) Two nucleotides

(b) Three nucleotides

(c) Four nucleotides

(d) Five nucleotides

 

Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for:

(a) DNA replication

(b) Transcription

(c) Protein synthesis (translation)

(d) Cellular respiration

 

During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules:

(a) Carry amino acids to the ribosome

(b) Elongate the growing polypeptide chain

(c) Initiate protein synthesis

(d) All of the above

 

Elongation factors in translation are responsible for:

(a) Bringing together the correct tRNA and mRNA

(b) Forming peptide bonds between amino acids

(c) Facilitating the movement of the ribosome along mRNA

(d) All of the above

 

Antibiotics like tetracycline inhibit protein synthesis by targeting the:

(a) A site on the ribosome where aminoacyl-tRNA binds

(b) Elongation factors involved in translation

(c) Enzyme responsible for mRNA activation

(d) RNA polymerase during transcription

 

Actinomycin D is an antibiotic that disrupts protein synthesis by inhibiting:

(a) Ribosome function

(b) Elongation factors

(c) RNA polymerase during transcription

(d) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes

For more regular updates you can visit our social media accounts,

Instagram: Follow us

Facebook: Follow us

WhatsApp: Join us

Telegram: Join us

Leave a Comment