Astringents Astringents are chemical compounds that tend to shrink or constrict body tissues and form a protective layer on the surface. Due to their protein action, astringents reduce cell permeability, leading to decreased local edema, exudation, and inflammation. The word “astringent” derives from Latin adstringere, meaning “to bind fast.” These substances are usually applied topically … Read more
Introduction Antimicrobial is an agent which kills microorganisms (microbicide) or stops their growth (bacteriostatic agent). Use of antimicrobials is a common practice for at least 2000 years. Ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks used specific molds and plant extracts to treat infection. Antimicrobial is a broad terminology describing activity against microbes. There are various specific terminologies … Read more
Radiopharmaceuticals Radiopharmaceuticals are a group of pharmaceutical drugs containing radioactive isotopes. These compounds serve both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Radiopharmaceuticals emit radiation themselves. Radiopharmacology is the specialized branch of pharmacology that deals with these agents. The primary group of radiopharmaceuticals includes radiotracers, which are used to diagnose tissue dysfunction. Radiopharmaceuticals are administered to patients via … Read more