Pathophysiology of Nervous System Diseases The nervous system is a highly intricate network responsible for coordinating and controlling various bodily functions. It comprises the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which consists of nerves extending throughout the body. Understanding the pathophysiology of diseases affecting … Read more
Myocardial infarction (MI) Myocardial infarction (MI) is the irreversible heart injury occurs due to necrosis (cell death) of significant portion of myocardium (generally >1 cm). It is a medical emergency and usually termed as heart attack. If more than 50% of tissues are damaged, heart generally cannot work. If the damage is comparatively less, then … Read more
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) Ischemic heart disease is an acute or chronic cardiac disability caused by imbalance between the myocardial oxygen demand and supply of oxygenated blood. The term coronary artery disease is alternatively used for ischemic heart disease. Cardiac function is largely depended on continuous flow of oxygenated blood through the coronary arteries. The … Read more
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Congestive heart failure is a long-term condition in which heart can not pump blood well enough to provide normal supply to body. Due to reduced cardiac output, body cannot perform its normal metabolic needs. The reduced supply of oxygen and nutrients may lead to inadequate tissue perfusion, vascular, cardiac and pulmonary … Read more
Basic Principles Involved in Wound Healing Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process. Physiology of wound healing involves various phases such as hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and maturation. A wound can occur due to various reasons. In order to understand basic principles involved in wound healing we need to understand layers of the skin first. … Read more